This paper establishes the essential dates of the “Puerta del Perdón” as the main door of the congregational mosque of Išbīliya, European capital of the Almohad empire. Nowadays it is the main entrance to the “Patio de los Naranjos” of the Seville cathedral. This analysis is based on the observations gathered during the restoration works, ended in 2014. This paper contains archaeological research data, documents from several archives, together with translations of the Almohad chronicles. We collect literary and graphic (...) information about all the Islamic elements identified, establishing hypotheses about the original monument and fixing its chronology in five essential stages: construction of the prayer room and “Patio” general outline, structural reforms in the courtyard related with the begin of Giralda minaret, completion of the minaret and decorative reform of the building, including the bronze doors of the “Puerta”, construction of a Moorish balcony over the Gate and finally construction of a bell gable and its decorative completion. (shrink)

Durante la estancia de la corte de Felipe V en Sevilla entre los años de 1729 a 1733, la ciudad agonizante tanto social como económicamente tras perder la hegemonía universal que le hizo ser Puerta de las Américas, vive un período de esplendor que le hace soñar por ese tiempo con las glorias de tiempos pasados. La estancia de la corte exalta el sentimiento religioso del pueblo fiel, se sigue luchando por la definición dogmática de la Inmaculada Concepción, los (...) reyes participan en ceremonias litúrgicas catedralicias y es el propio Felipe V el que consigue la finalización de la urna barroca de Laureano de Pina para venerar el cuerpo incorrupto de Fernando III beatificado en 1671 y cuyo estreno tuvo lugar el 14 de mayo de 1729 en una ceremonia claramente barroquizante y definida por un cronista contemporáneo como “la función mas prodigiosa que ha habido en los siglos”. (shrink)

Este artículo aborda críticamente 1) los aspectos especificamente tecnocientíficos de la biología sintética, 2) la función de las promesas biotécnicas y biopolíticas de perfectibilidad de la «vida en sí»1, y 3) el problemático concepto de «biología digital». La biología sintética rechaza la idea de una naturaleza dada: la «vida en sí» se define como un ámbito de potencialidades, con materiales adaptables y estructuras flexibles que pueden utilizarse para rediseñar y «perfeccionar» la naturaleza. Los bioingenieros dicen crear organismos vivos desde cero, (...) utilizando componentes genéticamente estandarizados y diseños informáticos: estas «máquinas vivas», que no existen en la naturaleza, están supuestamente al servicio de fines humanos. Yendo más allá del actual estado de las investigaciones, algunas voces dentro de la biología sintética hacen declaraciones osadas sobre escenarios socio-técnicos, objetos imaginarios y experimentos biotecnológicos para el futuro. Éstos no se desarrollarían tras las puertas de los laboratorios, sino más bien en el seno de la sociedad. Con sus visiones, los biólogos sintéticos se están transformando en los ingenieros de las sociedades del futuro. La biología sintética, por tanto, promueve una «biotecnologización del futuro colectivo», además de formar parte de una «economía de la promesa» tecnocientífica que aspira a colonizar el futuro -lo que nos obliga a repensar la cuestión foucaultiana de la biopolítica. Para la promesa de una «biología digital», lanzada por la biología sintética, es vital la existencia de imaginarios centrados en el código, biocibernéticos e incluso transhumanistas. Éstos impulsan perspectivas que entienden la «vida y la naturaleza» como un ámbito de riquezas potenciales, incluso ilimitadas, que pueden programarse y producirse mediante procedimientos informáticos: «escribir» el código de la vida. (shrink)

El objetivo del trabajo es plantear una revisión de los clásicos de la filosofía para ampliar nuestro conocimiento histórico y, a la vez, abrir la puerta a nuevas posibles conceptualizaciones de lo político. Concretamente, defendemos que puede haber relevantes pensadoras entre las mujeres religiosas del Renacimiento (y probablemente antes), cuyos escritos son difíciles de analizar desde la perspectiva empleada para estudiar los textos prototípicos del género discursivo. Para solventar esta dificultad, partimos de dos premisas: a) la configuración de los (...) universos discursivos en que se les permite tomar parte no tiene por qué coincidir con la de los discursos prototípicamente masculinos; y b) no se puede comprender el buen gobierno del convento, entendido como una particular civitas (filosofía política), sin la experiencia religiosa femenina como medio para legitimar un poder que no les es reconocido por medios humanos (mística política). A modo de ejemplo, analizamos desde esta distinción entre filosofía política y mística política dos tratados de la carmelita descalza María de san José Salazar, _Consejos que da una priora_ (1590) y _Maestra de novicias_ (1602), en los que se proponen recomendaciones para el virtuoso gobierno conventual femenino basadas en una incuestionable experiencia de gestión. (shrink)

We apply Hrushovski-Fraïssé's amalgamation procedure to obtain a theory of fields of prime characteristic of Morley rank 2 equipped with a definable additive subgroup of rank 1.

The phenomenon of altruism extends from the biological realm to the human sociocultural realm. This article sketches a coherent outline of multiple types of altruism of progressively increasing scope that span these two realms and are grounded in an ever-expanding sense of “self.” Discussion of this framework notes difficulties associated with altruism at different levels. It links scientific ideas about the evolution of cooperation and about hierarchical order to perennial philosophical and religious concerns. It offers a conceptual background for inquiry (...) into societal challenges that call for altruistic behavior, especially the challenge of environmental and social sustainability. (shrink)

Contradictions of Archaeological Theory Content Type Journal Article Category Review Pages 499-506 DOI 10.1558/jcr.v11i4.499 Authors A. Martin Byers, Vanier College, Montreal Journal Journal of Critical Realism Online ISSN 1572-5138 Print ISSN 1476-7430 Journal Volume Volume 11 Journal Issue Volume 11, Number 4 / 2012.

Despite widespread knowledge that fraternity members are frequently involved in the sexual assaults of women, fraternities are rarely studied as social contexts-groups and organizations-that encourage the sexual coercion of women. An analysis of the norms and dynamics of the social construction of fraternity brotherhood reveals the highly masculinist features of fraternity structure and process, including concern with a narrow, stereotypical conception of masculinity and heterosexuality; a preoccupation with loyalty, protection of the group, and secrecy; the use of alcohol as a (...) weapon against women's sexual reluctance; the pervasiveness of violence and physical force; and an obsession with competition, superiority, and dominance. Interfraternity rivalry and competition-particularly over members, intramural sports, and women-encourage fraternity men's commodification of women. We conclude that fraternities will continue to violate women socially and sexually unless they change in fundamental ways. (shrink)

Recent research suggests that individuals with relatively weak global precedence (i.e., a smaller propensity to view visual stimuli in a configural manner) show a reduced face inversion effect (FIE). Coupled with such findings, a number of recent studies have demonstrated links between an advantage for feature-based processing and the presentation of traits associated with autism among the general population. The present study sought to bridge these findings by investigating whether a relationship exists between the possession of autism-associated traits (i.e., as (...) indicated by individuals’“autism quotient” [(AQ) and the size of the FIE. Participants completed an on-line study in which the AQ was measured prior to a standard face recognition task where half of the faces were inverted at test. The results confirmed that higher AQ levels were predictive of smaller FIEs. Implications for a common underlying factor relating to processing orientation are discussed. (shrink)

Recent research suggests that individuals with relatively weak global precedence (i.e., a smaller propensity to view visual stimuli in a configural manner) show a reduced face inversion effect (FIE). Coupled with such findings, a number of recent studies have demonstrated links between an advantage for feature‐based processing and the presentation of traits associated with autism among the general population. The present study sought to bridge these findings by investigating whether a relationship exists between the possession of autism‐associated traits (i.e., as (...) indicated by individuals’“autism quotient” [(AQ) and the size of the FIE. Participants completed an on‐line study in which the AQ was measured prior to a standard face recognition task where half of the faces were inverted at test. The results confirmed that higher AQ levels were predictive of smaller FIEs. Implications for a common underlying factor relating to processing orientation are discussed. (shrink)

The general aim of this project is to fundamentally re-think the design of teaching materials in view of what is now known about cognitive deficits and about what Howard Gardner has termed ‘multiple intelligences’. The applicant has implemented this strategy in two distinct areas, the first involving the writing of an English language programme for Chinese speakers, the second involving the construction of specialized equipment for teaching elementary logic to blind students. The next phase is to test the effectiveness of (...) the logic device, because in theory – the one to be tested – materials the design of which is informed by the above rationale will provide a richer learning experience for non-impaired users. (shrink)

Adult learners demand teaching innovations that are ever more rapid and attractive. As a response to these demands and the challenges of skills training, this article presents a conceptual analysis that introduces competitive debate as an impact training model. The aim is to learn whether debate can be considered to fall within the frame of gamification, so that the full potential of debate as gamification can be exploited. There is a significant research gap regarding competitive debate as a game, with (...) the training mechanics for adult learners remaining practically unexplored. Through a conceptual analysis of game, game experience, and gamification, and their respective characteristics, we conclude that competitive debate is an ideal instrument for gamification. (shrink)

The main purpose of this study is the scientific practice of Edgard Roquette-Pinto at the National Museum of Rio de Janeiro during the 1910’s and 1920’s in the XXth Century. The article examines the relationship between laboratory science and nation building. Driven by Physicians-Anthropologists like Edgard Roquette-Pinto among others, the investigations performed at the Anthropology Laboratory there reveal the dynamic of the borders between Laboratory and Field Sciences, and the new biological parameters adopted at that time. The investigative agenda involved (...) plants, animals and human bodies, and it was related to the current Anthropology concept aligned with the debate of Nation construction. The physiological studies amplified the scientific exchange with different institutions, emphasizing cultural exchange between Brazil and Paraguay, and the role played by Edgard Roquette-Pinto there as he inaugurated the Physiological course at Faculty of Medicine at University of Asunción. (shrink)

Praise for the First Edition: `Totally reliable... the authors have produced a book urgently needed by all those charged with introducing students to the classics... quite indispensable' - Times Higher Education Supplement This is a fully updated and expanded new edition of the successful undergraduate text. Providing a lucid examination of the pivotal theories of Marx, Durkheim and Weber, the authors submit that these figures have decisively shaped the discipline. They show how the classical apparatus is in use, even though (...) it is being directed in new ways in response to the changing character of society. Written with the needs of undergraduates in mind, the text is essential reading for students in sociology and social theory. (shrink)

With tumultuous changes occurring in the former Soviet Union, a unique opportunity exists to examine the implications of unethical behavior in what is,de facto, a totally unregulated market. Recent legalization of commodity trading in Moscow carried with it no legal structure to ensure swift compliance with contract terms. This paper demonstrates that in the absence of legal remedies, a free marketplace appropriately punishes unethical conduct.

Employee reporting dishonesty is a significant area of concern for firms. In this study, we investigate how providing information about their prosocial actions, such as organizational citizenship behaviors, affects the extent of employee reporting dishonesty. We distinguish prosocial actions whose welfare effects are mutually beneficial (i.e., that help others and the employee), which are common in business practice, from those that are selfless in nature (i.e., that help others at a personal cost to the employee). In addition to examining the (...) effect of the type of prosocial action on the extent of employee reporting dishonesty, we also examine the effect of construal (the manner in which individuals perceive and interpret the action). Using an experiment, we find that participants with high moral identity are less dishonest when they describe their selfless prosocial actions than when they describe their mutually beneficial prosocial actions, but only when they abstractly construe this information. However, we do not find evidence that the reporting dishonesty of participants with low moral identity is influenced by the type of prosocial action they provide information about or the construal of that information. We discuss implications of these results for theory and practice. (shrink)

In this paper we study the variety \(\textsf{WL}\) of bounded distributive lattices endowed with an implication, called weak Lewis distributive lattices. This variety corresponds to the algebraic semantics of the \(\{\vee,\wedge,\Rightarrow,\bot,\top \}\) -fragment of the arithmetical base preservativity logic \(\mathsf {iP^{-}}\). The variety \(\textsf{WL}\) properly contains the variety of bounded distributive lattices with strict implication, also known as weak Heyting algebras. We introduce the notion of WL-frame and we prove a representation theorem for WL-lattices by means of WL-frames. We extended (...) this representation to a topological duality by means of Priestley spaces endowed with a special neighbourhood relation between points and closed upsets of the space. These results are applied in order to give a representation and a topological duality for the variety of weak Heyting–Lewis algebras, i.e., for the algebraic semantics of the arithmetical base preservativity logic \(\textsf{iP}^{-}\). (shrink)

Este artículo presenta primero las objeciones que John Crosby y Josef Seifert han opuesto a la noción boeciana de persona. Responde después a dichas objeciones mediante (a) una crítica a la metafísica que esas objeciones presuponen, (b) un mostrar cómo se puede atender a las principales preocupaciones de los fenomenólogos sin abandonar la noción boeciana, (c) un señalar algunos problemas teológicos que podría suscitar la metafísica fenomenológica y que, sin duda, esos dos autores desearían evitar.

The ‘Tree of Life’ is intended to represent the pattern of evolutionary processes that result in bifurcating species lineages. Often justified in reference to Darwin’s discussions of trees, the Tree of Life has run up against numerous challenges especially in regard to prokaryote evolution. This special issue examines scientific, historical and philosophical aspects of debates about the Tree of Life, with the aim of turning these criticisms towards a reconstruction of prokaryote phylogeny and even some aspects of the standard evolutionary (...) understanding of eukaryotes. These discussions have arisen out of a multidisciplinary collaboration of people with an interest in the Tree of Life, and we suggest that this sort of focused engagement enables a practical understanding of the relationships between biology, philosophy and history. (shrink)

Cooperative, connected and automated mobility technologies have the potential to revolutionize transportation systems and enhance safety, efficiency and sustainability. However, the increasing reliance on digital technologies also introduces new cybersecurity risks that can compromise the safety and privacy of passengers and the integrity of transportation systems. The purpose of this article is to examine the most important threats, vulnerabilities, risks and challenges related to automated mobility and to review the status of the most promising standardization initiatives on cryptography in a (...) world where quantum computers will soon represent an actual threat. (shrink)